A Report on Operating Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

A Report on Operating Systems - Essay Example The 'ENIAC' had the ability to complete 100,000 estimations for each second (White, 2005). As the requirements expanded, numerous logical registering needs were met by progressively refined, unique reason simple PCs during the twentieth century, which utilized a direct physical or electrical model of the issue as a reason for calculation. Nonetheless, these highlights turned out to be increasingly more unprecedented after the presentation computerized PC. A progression of consistently progressively intense and adaptable PCs were developed during the 1930s and 1940s, with expanding utilization of advanced hardware (created by Claude Shannon in 1937) and increasingly flexible programmability (Computer, 2006). Afterward, Intel discharged the world's first business chip, the 4004 on November fifteenth, 1971. This is a Fourth era PC utilizing a microchip to find a significant part of the PC's preparing capacities on a solitary (little) chip. The chip permitted the improvement of microcomputers, PCs that were little and modest enough to be reasonable by customary individuals. The principal such PC was the MITS Altair 8800, discharged toward the finish of 1974, however it was trailed by PCs, for example, the Apple I and II, Commodore PET and inevitably the first IBM PC in 1981. In spite of the fact that preparing force and capacity limits have expanded past all acknowledgment since the 1970s the basic innovation of LSI (enormous scope coordination) or VLSI (extremely huge scope incorporation) microchips has remained essentially the equivalent, so it is broadly respected that a large portion of the present PCs despite everything have a place with the fourth era (White, 2005).The requests of the present PC clients just as the advanced system have moved past that of basic customer server availability. There is currently the accessibility of a wide assortment of start to finish correspondence items focused on explicit business capacities. These incorporate passages, broadband, link, content systems administration, contact focus arrangements, server farm organizing, organize the executives, optical, steering, security, VPN, stockpiling organizing, exchanging, bound together interchanges, video, voice and remote (Networking, 2004). The present PCs additionally have immense speed and limit with respect to data handling contrasted with PCs of the past, and they have gotten exponentially progressively incredible throughout the years (a wonder known as Moore's Law). The first PCs were as gigantic as the size of a major room. The present littler PCs for singular use, called PCs, and their convenient proportionate, the journal PC, are universal data preparing and specialized instrum ents and are maybe what most non-specialists consider as a PC. In any case, the most widely recognized type of PC being used today is the inserted PC, little PCs used to control another gadget. Installed PCs control machines from military aircraft to advanced cameras (Computer, 2006). Recorded advancements in working systemsSoon after the innovation of the PC, it was found that specific undertakings were required in a wide range of projects; an early model was registering a portion of the standard scientific capacities. For the reasons for productivity, standard adaptations of these were gathered in libraries and made

Strategic Information Provision and Experiential †Free Samples

Question: Talk about the Strategic Information Provision and Experiential. Answer: Presentation: A fruitful pioneer is a person who has the ability of acknowledging Management and using the maximum capacity of his workers and himself towards the satisfaction of the hierarchical objectives. According to the meaning of Joseph Roost, Leadership is an impact relationship among pioneers and devotees who plan genuine changes and results that mirror their common reason (Puccio, Mance Murdock, 2010). Hence, it very well may be said that a decent pioneer ought to acquire or obtain characteristics or aptitudes that help him in propelling his colleagues and taking out the best execution from them so the group and the authoritative objectives are accomplished. Stephen Tindal, the organizer of the hugely effective departmental store The Warehouse is one of the most presumed and fruitful pioneer of New Zealand. Stephen Tindal is considered as a transformers head because of his industriousness of changing individuals into opportune people who have the correct demeanor to work and accomplish objectives. He can prepare individuals according to the necessities of the errand with the goal that they can perform productively (Bass, 2013). He knows about the way that great execution is connected with remuneration and subsequently, persuades the representatives to play out their best so they can get their due of remunerations as needs be. Being a transformational pioneer, he can choose the perfect people who might have the option to execute the errands better. This attribute of Stephen Tindal has helped him to get one of the fruitful pioneers of his nation since he prepared his representatives to manage the clients such that his organization can hold the clients and increment the hierarchical benefits. According to the Trait Theory of Leadership, it very well may be found that Stephen Tindal has the compassion, self-assuredness and affability in him that his representatives tail him and work according to his direction (Colbert et al.2012). The Traits Theory shows the attributes or the abilities that a pioneer intrinsically has in him or secures over some undefined time frame. It incorporates the attributes and the abilities that a pioneer ought to have in him. Stephen Tindal didn't simply think about the exhibition of his organization and the money related advantage got, but at the same time is worried about dispatching and satisfying his corporate obligation towards the general public. He as a pioneer is worried about his association and his workers and furthermore about the general public everywhere (Mumford et al. 2015). He has found a way to improve the general public by starting network based administrations and helping the legislature and other nongovernmental associations in making work, spreading training and advancing the possibility of economical turn of events and a cleaner situation. Another business head who has changed the business field of the business is Rob Fyfe, the Chief Executive Officer of Air New Zealand. After Fyfe was delegated as the CEO of Air New Zealand, the carrier organization saw a significant development in their business execution. Fyfe made his organization the spearheading organization in the carrier business which enlisted the most extreme measure of benefits contrasted with its rivals. Fyfe consistently thought about the benefits which the organization yields and the ascertainment of consistent development. He is productive with overseeing te partners enthusiasm as he guarantees that the partners of Air New Zealand get the greatest profits for his venture (Smith et al. 2012). Fyfes administration style can be portrayed by utilizing the Behavioral Theories of Leadership since his authority changed with the circumstance (Mumford et al. 2010). The most piece of his initiative styles is ruled by the vote based style of authority as he support s the perspectives and contemplations of his workers. With regards to law based initiative style, Tindals administration style can likewise be characterizes under this class since he additionally energizes the inclusion of his representatives in the dynamic procedure of the organization and propels them to contribute their contemplations and thoughts for the development and improvement of the association. A pioneer ought to have unmistakable characteristics in him which makes him not quite the same as his workers Management. A fruitful pioneer is required to have the nature of propelling his workers or his colleagues to or all the more effectively so they can accomplish authoritative and individual objectives. In the conversation of the effective pioneers of New Zealand, the reference of Graeme Hart must be named who is right now positioning the outlines of the best ten fruitful pioneers of New Zealand. Graeme Hart is a careful expert who keeps up a good ways from the media and avoids the spotlight (Nelson, Zaccaro Herman, 2010). He has been cited a multiple occasions saying that the riches earned by him is a side-effect of his work and industriousness. He being an expert himself, empowers polished methodology in his workers and furthermore anticipates moral and conduct and practices from them. Hart is a supporter of morals and ethics in his business exercises, empowers his representa tives and subordinates to utilize a similar code of morals while they are playing out their employments. As a pioneer, he supports the polished skill, practice of a specific set of accepted rules and good conduct which has helped him to take off statures in his expert vocation. He likewise has wellbeing and security strategies for his workers in his business associations that shield the interests of his staff from being abused. His association effectively partakes in the satisfying the corporate social duty so they can assist the general public with improving and make it reasonable. From the above conversation, it very well may be comprehended that a decent pioneer ought to have the characteristics and the abilities to persuade his colleagues and lead them in the way of achievement. The initiative speculations help in characterizing the administration style of the pioneer or the administrator yet every pioneer has a particular quality that makes hello not the same as the others (De Meuse, Dai Wu, 2011). An individual is either or with the qualities of sympathy, great relational aptitudes, inspirational mentality or persuasive abilities or he gets these abilities with a section of time and experience. Each pioneer ought to have the craving in them to support the representatives and the general public to get fruitful and furthermore help the partners of the organization to amplify their arrival. In any case, the most significant quality that a pioneer should gangs is demonstrable skill and morals in his business exercises. Reference List Puccio, G. J., Mance, M., Murdock, M. C. (2010).Creative initiative: Skills that drive change. Sage Publications. Bass, B. M. (2013). From value-based to transformational authority: Learning to share the vision.Organizational dynamics,18(3), 19-31. Colbert, A. E., Judge, T. A., Choi, D., Wang, G. (2012). Surveying the quality hypothesis of authority utilizing self and onlooker appraisals of character: The intervening job of commitments to aggregate success.The Leadership Quarterly,23(4), 670-685. De Meuse, K. P., Dai, G., Wu, J. (2011). Authority aptitudes across authoritative levels: A closer examination.The Psychologist-Manager Journal,14(2), 120-139. Mumford, M. D., Zaccaro, S. J., Harding, F. D., Jacobs, T. O., Fleishman, E. A. (2015). Administration aptitudes for an evolving world: Solving complex social problems.The Leadership Quarterly,11(1), 11-35. Mumford, T. V., Campion, M. A., Morgeson, F. P. (2010). The administration aptitudes strataplex: Leadership expertise prerequisites across hierarchical levels.The Leadership Quarterly,18(2), 154-166. Nelson, J. K., Zaccaro, S. J., Herman, J. L. (2010). Key data arrangement and experiential assortment as devices for creating versatile initiative skills.Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research,62(2), 131. Smith, W. K., Besharov, M. L., Wessels, A. K., Chertok, M. (2012). An incomprehensible administration model for social business visionaries: Challenges, initiative aptitudes, and instructive devices for overseeing social and business demands.Academy of Management Learning Education,11(3), 463-478.

Robinson, Charles

Robinson, Charles Robinson, Charles, 1818â€"94, American politician, first governor of the state of Kansas (1861â€"63), b. Hardwick, Mass. He studied medicine and in 1849 he joined the gold rush to California, where the next year he was elected to the California legislature; he opposed the establishment of slavery in California. He returned (1851) to Massachusetts, again practiced medicine, and for two years edited the Fitchburg News. In 1854, Robinson went to Kansas as agent of the Emigrant Aid Company , began the settlement of Lawrence, and commanded free-state forces in the Wakarusa War. Under the free-state constitution adopted by the Topeka convention he was elected (Jan., 1856) governor. He attempted to avoid conflict with federal authorities, but he ignored the laws passed by the proslavery territorial legislature of 1855. After taking office he was arrested for treason and usurpation of office by the proslavery party. A federal grand jury acquitted him. Robinson was reelected in 1858 and again in 1859, under the Wyandotte Constitution, but he waited until Kansas was admitted (1861) to the Union before assuming the governorship. He was elected state senator in 1874 and 1876, was a regent of the state university (1864â€"74, 1893â€"94), and was superintendent of the Haskell Institute at Lawrence (1887â€"89). He wrote The Kansas Conflict (1892). See biography by F. W. Blackmar (1901, repr. 1971). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

Minimum Wage Should Be Paid - 2347 Words

In todays back and forth economy it has become increasingly more difficult for a person to support a family, much less themselves, solely on the income from a minimum wage job. With federal minimum wage sitting just over seven dollars an hour, those tasked with budgeting these kind of meager earnings have begun to question why they dont deserve more pay. Some states have their own laws with discretion over minimum wage pay, and 29 states and DC all currently have minimum wage standards higher than the federal standard, but not necessarily by much. Those working labor jobs, where minimum wage is the compensation they receive for their time and energy, are struggling to afford such basic necessities as housing and food, even when they work†¦show more content†¦Is it fair to raise the minimum wage for those who are less skilled and not as educated just because they need to earn more money? If we raised the minimum wage to $15 an hour a chain like Mcdonalds would likely not be a ffected by it and would likely not have to cut employees. However, if a small business now has to pay each employee a minimum of $15 an hour do you think they would be able to keep all of those employees? It is unlikely that they would be able to keep all of their employees and it would be much harder to keep the job and it would then become more competitive to even get the job ..so getting the experience you need to grow in a job would be harder because the chances of you getting hired would be less. The job market would be more competitive for smaller businesses and easier for large chain restaurants.. but not everyone wants to work for a chain like mcdonald s. However, it will increase consumer purchasing and have less of an employee turnover because those who got their jobs are less likely to leave it with such a competitive market. Raising minimum wage would be beneficial to middle-class people but would it actually help our economy? â€Å"The total U.S. labor force was rough ly 158.7 million. About 47%, or 75.3 million workers, were paid an hourly wage. Of all hourly workers about 4.7%, or 3.54 million, earned a wage equal to or below the minimum wage. If everyone of these workers received an increase to $15 per hour, the total wage earned by this

Essay on Genentech - 779 Words

Case Study: Genentech Discussion Questions 1. Would you characterize Genentech’s employees as experiencing distress or eustress? Distress is the type of stress that has negative implications, whereas eustress has a positive form of stress, usually related to desirable events in someone’s life. Therefore, I would characterize the Genentech’s employees as experiencing eustress. For example, all these programs that Genentech offers to its employees make life less stressful. The employees, who work for Genentech, enjoy working and they are proud of the cancer-fighting drugs their company produce, and also the egalitarian policies. 2. How can the Yerkes-Dodson law be related to the impact of Genentech’s programs†¦show more content†¦The company maintains a corporate culture that fosters creativity and innovation. Therefore, the company allows its researches to publish their findings in academic journals. Genentech also promotes emotional health among its employees by creating a connection culture, for example, bringing cancer patients into the company’s facilities. Another way that the company promotes the well-being of its employees is the availability of its tuition-assistance program to cover educational expenses of its employees. And another important initiative and well-being for Genentech is helping its employees maintain balance between their work lives and personal lives. As a result, Genentech’s employees claim that they love what they do because they know their job has a meaning. 4. What might be accomplished by Genentech’s programs with respect to enabling employees to better deal with workplace stress or its consequences? All these programs deal with employee stress and or well-being at workplace, and are aimed at making life less stressful. Consequently, Genentech employees consistently refer to the opportunity to make a difference in the lives of patients as the primary reason they work for Genentech. Genentech’s development products continue to grow, with multiple promising projects in the following therapeutic focus area: oncology, immunology, metabolism, neuroscience and infectious diseases. As a result, theyShow MoreRelatedCase Study 27 Genentech 0603151083 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿BUSB 481 - Professor Coulson Case 27 - Genentech: After the Acquisition by Roche Terry Fender June 3, 2015 1. Perform a VRIO analysis. What is Genentech’s competitive advantage, if any?   The significant resource that led to Genentech s competitive advantage was culture. This culture was instilled by it s founding partners Robert Swanson and Herbert Boyer. In this culture RD focused on applying leading edge scientific knowledge to discover and develop best-in-class medicines. The culture of individualRead MoreEssay on Genentech Case628 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿ COURSE Operations Management WRITER Group HZM CLASS M1412091 PROFESSOR Vinod R. Singhal Case Genentech-Capacity Planning Howard 1141209823 Maxime LECOCQ 1141209829 Junhai Zhou 1141209226† Genentech Case Suggestion The problem before David Ebersman, VP of product operations at Genentech, is fairly basic. The demand for the company’s drugs is expected to grow substantially over the nextRead MoreThe Impact Of Genentech On The New Biotechnology Industry1013 Words   |  5 Pages Genentech was founded in 1976 by Robert Swanson and Herbert Boyer. The company was one of the first biotechnology companies. Its mission was to develop manufacture and commercialize biotherapeutics drugs. Genentech main focus was in areas of oncology, immunology and tissue growth and repair. After few years of company’s development, Genentech scientists successfully produced the first therapeutic proteins which involve human genes. Evaluating with the VRIO analysis, Genentech is valuable, rare,Read MoreHarverd Case Roche819 Words   |  4 PagesCase: Roche 1 2 Reasons for Roche’s 100% ownership of Genentech Since Roche and Genentech both operate in the pharmaceutical industry, but still have their own specialty, they can benefit from a partnership. Roche owns a majority stake in Genentech since 1990 and since 2007, it owns 56% of Genentech. Genentech was founded in 1976, their focus lies on biotechnology in which they are the second largest firm of the world. Genentech had become an important part of Roche’s business representingRead MoreGenentech Internal Analysis1319 Words   |  6 PagesGenentech is one of the world’s leading biotechnology companies focusing on therapies for cancer, heart attacks and others. Its industry is marked by rapid and accelerating (technological) change, thus internal resources and capabilities form the main basis for competitive advantage and strategic orientation. In line with this resource-based view this essay will analyze the company’s resources and capabilities following Porter’s â€Å"Value Chainâ€Å" approach. Building on this they will be evaluated in termsRead MoreRoches Acquisition of Genentech943 Words   |  4 PagesFebruary 11, 2011 Dear Valued Scotiabank Customer, In an eï ¬â‚¬ort to keep our customers informed, we would like to update you on the Payments Systems Reform process being implemented by the Bank of Jamaica (BOJ). e BOJ implemented a Real Time Gross Settlement (RTGS) system in February 2009. e RTGS is an on-line funds transfer system where the transfer of money is eï ¬â‚¬ected from one bank to another in â€Å"real time†. e BOJ has indicated that eï ¬â‚¬ective March 31, 2011, ï ¬ nancial transactions with a largeRead MoreLeading Biotechnology Company: Genentech Essay1617 Words   |  7 PagesLocated in South San Francisco, CA, Genentech was started in 1976 by a biochemist Dr. Herbert Boyer and Robert A. Swanson. From 1995-2009 Arthur Levinson had become the CEO of Genentech; presently it is Ian T. Clark. Genentech is a leading biotechnology company, using human genetic information to discover, develop, manufacture and commercialize medicines to treat people with serious or life-threatening medical conditions (2014). Bi otechnology is the technology based on the science of cellular andRead MoreDealing with Stress...The Genentech Way Essay1644 Words   |  7 Pagesdeal with â€Å"Stress†. This case explains the Genentech way of dealing stress. Genentech is the first biotech company and was founded in 1976 by Dr. Herbert W. Boyer, a biochemist, and Robert A. Swanson, a venture capitalist. Like any other major large corporation Genentech aspired to be the leading biotechnology company. It has been recognized to be a very people friendly company for its Human resources policies and its human therapeutics. 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Background Information on Genentech Genentech is a biotechnology organization that discovers, develops, manufactures, and markets bio therapeutics for several unmet medical needs such as in the areas of oncology, immunology, growth, asthma metabolism, mental disorders, dermatology, nephrology, neurology, urology, and rheumatology (â€Å"Genentech,† n.d. a). In 2009, Genentech merged with an international pharmaceutical company called

Independence Air Project Free Essays

Independence air was not the original name of the airline. It was formerly known as the Atlantic Coast Airlines. The airline originally operated in collaboration with United Airlines and Delta Airlines Inc. We will write a custom essay sample on Independence Air Project or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was a contract carrier for the two older companies. However, Atlantic Coast decided to operate independently when United attempted to reduce Atlantic’s fee under the new contract. After the first flight to Atlanta was fully booked, Independence Air expanded the business into most states of the East Coast. In the West Coast the company operated only in a few major cities. I.2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Target Market, Strengths and Weaknesses The company is a Low Cost Carrier, which means that the target market is from the segment with price oriented perspectives. The company started by expanding the service into the eastern cost of the continent because the managers believed that the locations possess more opportunities for Independence Air (Laura, 2005). However, the company also maintained existence in the west coast of the continent by providing routes for major airports in the region. The original business model of the company was based on two core qualities: rock bottom fares and internet marketing services. It was originally a success because most of the 600 daily flights to 37 destinations were fully booked (Laura, 2005). Nevertheless, as the months go by, the number of flights was slashed down to only 200 a day (‘Flyi’, 2006; ‘Final Boarding Call, 2006). The strengths of the model mentioned above were no match for the problems within the LCC industry at the time. Increasing fuel cost and continued competition from many airlines including the former partner, United Airlines, stripped the company from its profits (Downfall, 2006). I.3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Marketing Mix I.3.1.  Ã‚   Product/service The company is a Low Cost Carrier airline, which generally means that the company provided air travel services with the cheapest prices possible. In case of the Independence Air, managers and employees of the company are dedicated to creating a low-fare airline based on these six philosophies: 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I am about the customer first; 2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I am genuine; 3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I am about integrity; 4)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I am about operational excellence; 5)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I am innovative; 6)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I am enthusiastic. The six philosophies have a core purpose of creating the corporate image as ‘the official airline of fast, easy and less expensive’   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (‘Independence Air’, 2005) I.3.2.  Ã‚   Price Articles from various writers who wrote about the company stated that it has ‘rock-bottom fares’. The company offers one of the cheapest fares in the continent. In terms of price, the company has the philosophy of ensuring customers to feel that ‘I can fly on my budget’. In order to reach such goal, besides providing cheap flights, the airline also simplified their fare structure into four fare types. The purpose is to create an easy to understand fare system and easy to book (‘Independence Air’, 2005). I.3.3.  Ã‚   Promotion In order to promote quality of its flight services, the company operated based on two philosophies, which is to ensure the consumer believed that: 1) they can fly on their own schedule and 2) they can fly their own way (‘Independence Air’, 2005). In order to support the implementation of these philosophies, the company established hundreds of non-stop flights to 37 destinations. The company also order planes with new seat designs and new cabin designs the will provide customers with the most convenient flight in the industry of air travel (‘Independence Air’, 2005). It was recorded that the CEO spent significant amount of corporate money on advertising and community sponsorships. The CEO hired people from various media-related professions to promote the birth of the company. Some of these people are: political consultant Carville and his wife, the comedian Dennis Miller, soccer star Mia Hamm and musician Chuck Berry. I.3.4.  Ã‚   Place The company preferred electronic means to promote their services rather than traditional means. The most prominent promotional and the sales channel is the internet, along with an 800 number which makes it easier for people to book flights with the airline. I.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Causes of Bankruptcy There are several analyses on what causes the bankruptcy of the low cost carrier. This particular case study is deemed interesting for many scholars because of its peculiarity. Low Cost Carriers are deemed as the future of the airline industry. However, the case of independence air revealed the fact that there are other factors in the airline business than just price. According to an article by the Boyd Group, people are often unable to separate between facts and myths in the airline business. Here are several examples:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Despite the popular opinion that the LCC model introduced by the famous Southwest airline is very much profitable, analysts believed that the mode is actually not profitable once the fuel price exceeds $2 per gallon  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As mentioned previously, many considered that LCC is the future of the airline industry for modern countries. Nevertheless, further analysis revealed that the picture looks worsen as the airline industry goes forward. The most prominent theory is the ‘over-capacity theory. The LCC model has very low margin, which means it requires each airline to have sufficiently large market share in order to remain profitable. Nevertheless, with the appearance of new airlines and new competitors, many predicted that their planes should have bumped into each other, in the sense that they will soon run out of sources of revenue.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another misperception of the condition in the airline industry is the notion that LCC will always outlast a legacy airline. It as reported that in the second quarter of 2005, Americana and Continental Airlines, two of the largest legacy airlines in the United States declared considerable profit. The fundamentals are revealed, the issue is not only cost, but also revenues. Well after the September 11th tragedy, customers have regain their trust to the airline industry and some of them return to their consuming routine of searching for ‘convenience’ in flying. If the LCC do not enhance its ability in providing higher quality services, some legacy airlines will take away their customers easily.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (The Boyd group, 2005) In the particular case of the Independence airline, it is stated that the main cause of their failure is because there are already too many competing airlines offering routes on similar routes and racing to offer passengers with the lowest possible fares. The market system caused prices to go even lower every time a new airline is entering the industry (Nance, 2006; ‘Independence Air’, 2006). How to cite Independence Air Project, Papers

The Use of Problem Orientated Policing in Crime Prevention free essay sample

An examination of this new approach to policing which focuses on identifying problems, finding and eliminating the cause of the problem. To understand the applications of problem orientated policing, the approach is described, giving an example of how the approach has been successfully used. Critical evaluation of the approach is then completed, drawing on various reports and a successful case study. This is followed by a summary of how the strategy reduces crime. Finally, considerations for implementing the strategy are presented. Problem orientated policing is a new approach to policing that is becoming increasingly popular. The major benefit of the approach is that it is proactive rather than reactive, which in the long term allows for a much better use of police resources. While there are various applications of the approach, one of the most common applies the approach to high crime areas, also known as hot spots. This approach is designed to eliminate the causes of the problem in the hot spot. We will write a custom essay sample on The Use of Problem Orientated Policing in Crime Prevention or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This can be compared with the standard policing strategy, which would have police constantly responding to crime in the hot spot.

Frankenstein Summary

'Frankenstein' Summary Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein is a Gothic horror novel about a man named Victor Frankenstein who discovers the secret to creating life. He uses this knowledge to form a hideous monster, which becomes the source of his misery and demise. The novel is presented as an epistolary nested narrative, following the first-person accounts of Captain Walton, Victor Frankenstein, and the monster himself. Part 1: Walton’s Opening Letters The novel opens with Robert Walton’s letters to his sister Margaret Saville. Walton is a sea captain and a failed poet. He is traveling to the North Pole in pursuit of glory and has high hopes for geographical and scientific discoveries. On his journey, he spots what looks like a giant rushing by on a sledge; soon after, his ship passes an emaciated and frozen man floating on a slice of ice. The crew rescues the stranger, who reveals himself to be Victor Frankenstein. Walton is impressed with his wisdom and cultivation; they talk and Walton states that he would sacrifice his own life for the sake of a greater good, and for lasting glory. Frankenstein then launches into his own story as a warning of the dangers of such a life philosophy. Part 2: Frankenstein’s Story Frankenstein begins his tale with his happy upbringing in Geneva. His mother, Caroline Beaufort, is the daughter of a merchant and marries the older, reputable Alphonse Frankenstein. She is graceful and affectionate, and young Frankenstein has a wonderful childhood. He loves reading about the secrets of heaven and earth- natural philosophy, alchemy and the philosopher’s stone. He seeks glory and wishes to uncover the mystery of life. His close childhood friend, Henry Clerval, is his opposite; Clerval is curious about the moral relations of things, and is fascinated by tales of virtue and chivalry. Frankenstein’s parents adopt Elizabeth Lavenza, an orphaned child of Milanese nobility. Frankenstein and Elizabeth call each other cousin and are brought up together under the care of Justine Moritz, another orphan who serves as their nanny. Frankenstein praises Elizabeth much as he does his mother, describing her as saintly, and admiring her grace and beauty. Frankenstein’s mother dies of scarlet fever before he leaves for the University of Ingolstadt. In a state of heavy grief, he throws himself into his studies. He learns about chemistry and modern scientific theories. Eventually he discovers the cause of life- and he becomes capable of animating matter. He works in a feverish excitement to build a being in the likeness of a man, but proportionally larger. His dreams of beauty and fame are crushed when his finished creation is, in fact, monstrous and completely repulsive. Disgusted with what he has created, Frankenstein runs out of his house and happens upon Clerval, who has come to the University as a fellow student. They return to Frankenstein’s place, but the creature has escaped. Utterly overwhelmed, Victor falls into an intense sickness. Clerval nurses him back to health. Frankenstein eventually decides to travel home to Geneva once he recovers. He receives a letter from his father, which relays the tragedy that his younger brother, William, was murdered. Frankenstein and Henry return home, and upon reaching Geneva, Frankenstein goes for a walk to see for himself the place where William was killed. On his walk, he spies the gigantic creature in the distance. He realizes that the creature is responsible for the murder, but he is unable to prove his theory. Justine, who was framed by the monster, is convicted and hanged. Frankenstein is heartbroken. He turns to nature for isolation and perspective, and to forget his human problems. Out in the wilderness, the monster seeks him out to talk. Part 3: The Creature’s Tale The creature takes over the novel’s narrative and tells Frankenstein his life story. Soon after his birth, he realizes that all people are terrified of him and hateful towards him solely because of his appearance. Chased away by villagers throwing stones, he runs to the wilderness where he can hide from civilization. He finds a place to call home close by a cottage. A family of peasants lives there peacefully. The creature observes them daily and grows very fond of them. His empathy for humankind expands and he longs to join them. When they are sad, he is sad, and when they are happy, he is happy. He learns to speak through observation, and calls them by their names: Mr. De Lacey, his son Felix, his daughter Agatha, and Safie, Felixs love and the daughter of a ruined Turkish merchant. The creature teaches himself to read. With literature, he displays a human consciousness, facing the existential questions of who and what he is. He discovers his ugliness, and manages to disturb himself deeply when he spies his own reflection in a pool of water. But the monster still wants to make his presence known to the De Lacey family. He talks with the blind father until the other peasants come home and are terrified. They drive the creature away; he then journeys to Frankenstein’s home, and happens upon William in the wood. He wishes to befriend the boy, believing his youth would make him less prejudiced, but William is just as disgusted and fearful as anyone else. In a rage the monster strangles him and frames Justine for the murder. After completing his story, the creature asks Frankenstein to create a female companion with similar deformities. The creature has come to terms with the fact that he won’t be able to have any relationships with humans. He believes his malicious acts are a result of his isolation and rejection. He gives Frankenstein an ultimatum: the master will either deliver a creature companion or all he holds dear will be destroyed. Part 4: Frankenstein’s Conclusion Frankenstein again picks up the narrative. He and Elizabeth make their mutual love known. Frankenstein then travels to England with Henry, so that he can finish his engagement with the monster away from his family and friends before he marries Elizabeth. They travel together for some time, and then separate in Scotland; Frankenstein begins his work there. He believes the creature is stalking him and is plagued by what he promised to do, as he is convinced that creating a female creature would lead to a race of devils. Ultimately, he fails to deliver his promise, despite the creature confronting him. The creature threatens that he will be with Frankenstein on his wedding night, but Frankenstein will not create another monster. He journeys on to Ireland and is immediately imprisoned. The creature has strangled Clerval, and Frankenstein is believed to be the suspect. In jail, he becomes deathly ill for several months. His father comes to his rescue, and when the grand jury validates the proof that Frankenstein was on the Orkney Islands when Clerval was killed, he is liberated. He and his father travel home. He marries Elizabeth and prepares to battle the creature, remembering the monster’s threat. But while he is readying himself, the monster strangles Elizabeth to death. The creature escapes into the night, and shortly afterwards, Frankenstein’s father dies as well. Frankenstein is devastated, and he vows to find the creature and destroy him. He follows the monster up to the North Pole, where he comes across Walton’s expedition, and thus rejoins his narrative to the present. Part 5: Walton’s Concluding Letters Captain Walton ends the story as he began it. Walton’s ship is trapped in the ice, resulting in the deaths of some of his crewmen. He fears mutiny; many want him to turn southward as soon as the ship is free. He debates whether or not to forge ahead or turn back. Frankenstein urges him to move forward with his journey and tells him that glory comes at the price of sacrifice. Walton ultimately turns the ship around to return home, and Frankenstein passes away. The monster then appears to find his creator dead. He tells Walton of his plan to go as far north as possible and die so that the whole sordid affair can finally end.

How to Write the Perfect Harvard Essay 3 Expert Tips

How to Write the Perfect Harvard Essay 3 Expert Tips SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Aiming for the world-renowned Harvard University? As part of the application to this prestigious Ivy League school, you'll have the option to submit a supplemental essay.But what should you write about for your Harvard essay? What are the different Harvard essay prompts to choose from, and how should you answer one so you can give yourself your best shot at getting in? In this guide, we give you advice for each Harvard essay prompt as well as tips on whether you should choose a particular prompt. But before we look at the prompts, let’s go over what Harvard actually requires in terms of essays. Feature Image: Gregor Smith/Flickr What Essays Do You Need to Submit to Harvard? Those applying for admission to Harvard must submit an application through either the Common Application, the Coalition Application, or the Universal College Application (UCA).For your Harvard application, you’ll need to write a personal essay in response to one of the prompts provided by the Common App, Coalition App, or UCA (depending on the system you’re applying through). This essay is required for all applicants and should typically be about 500-550 words long (and must be less than 650 words). To learn more about this essay, check out the current prompts for the Common App, Coalition App, and UCAon their official websites. In addition to this required essay, you have the option of submitting another essay as part of the Harvard supplement. The Harvard supplement essay, as it’s known, is completely optional- you may, but do not need to, write this essay and submit it with your application. This essay also hasno word limit, though if you do write it, it’s best to stick to a typical college essay length (i.e., somewhere around 500 words). Harvard advises applicants to submit this supplemental essay"if [they] feel that the college application forms do not provide sufficient opportunity to convey important information about [themselves] or [their] accomplishments." Options for essay topics are very open ended, and you have a total of 10 topics from which you can choose (11 if you include the fact that you may also "write on a topic of your choice"). Here are the 2018-19 Harvard supplement essay prompts: You may write on a topic of your choice, or you may choose from one of the following topics: Unusual circumstances in your life Travel, living, or working experiences in your own or other communities What you would want your future college roommate to know about you An intellectual experience (course, project, book, discussion, paper, poetry, or research topic in engineering, mathematics, science or other modes of inquiry) that has meant the most to you How you hope to use your college education A list of books you have read during the past twelve months The Harvard College Honor code declares that we "hold honesty as the foundation of our community." As you consider entering this community that is committed to honesty, please reflect on a time when you or someone you observed had to make a choice about whether to act with integrity and honesty. The mission of Harvard College is to educate our students to be citizens and citizen-leaders for society. What would you do to contribute to the lives of your classmates in advancing this mission? Each year a substantial number of students admitted to Harvard defer their admission for one year or take time off during college. If you decided in the future to choose either option, what would you like to do? Harvard has long recognized the importance of student body diversity of all kinds. We welcome you to write about distinctive aspects of your background, personal development or the intellectual interests you might bring to your Harvard classmates. As you can see, some of these topics are more specific and focused, while others are more broad and open ended. When it comes down to it, though, should you write the Harvard supplement essay, or skip it altogether? Should You Do the Harvard Supplement Essay? You’re already required to submit a personal essay for your Harvard application- sodo you really need to submit an extra essay? In reality,opinions are mixed on whether you should write the Harvard supplement essay or not. While some people are under the impression that this essay is basically mandatory and that your chances of getting into Harvard without it are slim,others believe that submitting it (especially if you don’t have anything particularly impressive or interesting to write about) is simply a waste of time. So which is it? In general, if you have the opportunity to submit something that you think will only strengthen your college application, definitely do it. By doing this essay, you'lladd more flavor to your application and showcase a different side of your personality. Indeed, inhis review of his successful Harvard application, PrepScholar co-founder and Harvard alum Allen Cheng strongly recommends writing this extra essay. He also notes that it’s likely that most Harvard applicants do, in fact, submit the supplemental essay (as he himself did). Once again, however,this essay is not required for admission to Harvard. Whether you submit a Harvard supplement essay is entirely up to you- thoughI highly recommend doing it! If you’re really struggling to decide whether to do the extra Harvard essay or not, ask yourself the following questions: Do you consider yourself a strong writer? Are there people you trust who could edit and proofread your essay for you? Are you worried aboutother parts of your Harvard application that could negatively affect your chance of admission, such as below-average SAT/ACT scores, a low GPA, etc.? Do you feel that you didn’t get to write about something you really wanted to for the required essay? Is there something you believe the admissions committee should know about you that you haven’t gotten a chance to write about yet? Do you have enough time to dedicate to writing and polishing another essay? Do you think your overall Harvard application is too one-sided or too focused on one aspect of your personality and/or interests? Could your application benefit from more diversity and balance? Hopefully, by answering these questions, you'll start to have a clearer idea as to whether you will write the Harvard supplement essay or not. No need to write the essay on a typewriter- unless you're applying to Harvard 40 years ago. How to Write the Harvard Essay: Every Prompt Analyzed In this section, we go through the 10 possible Harvard supplement essay prompts and offer you tips on how to write an effective, powerful essay, regardless of which prompt you choose. Prompt 1: Unusual Circumstances Unusual circumstances in your life This essay prompt is all about highlighting an unusual situation or event in your life and what kind of impact it ultimately had on you.Harvard asks for this in case applicants want to discuss anything significant that has happened to them and has had a major influence on their academic accomplishments, future goals, perspectives, etc. This is also an opportunity for applicants to discuss any major struggles they have had (that most students their age haven’t had) and the personal effects these experiences have had on their lives. Should You Choose This Prompt? If you grew up with an uncommon lifestyle or had an uncommon experience that you believe had a strong effect on you, this is a good prompt to choose for your essay. For example, perhaps you grew up speaking four languages fluently, or you were the youngest of fourteen children. This is also an ideal prompt to choose if you want to providemore background information for a weak point in your application. For instance, say you contracted a serious illness during your sophomore year, and your many absences caused your GPA to drop.You could then write about how you approached this problem head-on, and how working with a tutor every day after school to raise your GPA ultimately revealed to you an inner strength you never knew you had. Tips for Answering This Prompt Choose an experience or situation that is actually uncommon. This doesn’t mean that no one else in the world could have it, but try to focus on something that’s unique and has had a big impact on your personal growth. As an example, although many teenagers were raised by a single parent, only you grew up with your parent, so concentrate on how this person as well as the overall situation helped to shape your personality and goals. If you’re writing about something that was challenging for you, don’t just conclude that the experience was difficult. What specifically have you learned or taken away from it? Why is it important for the Harvard admissions committee to know this? For instance, say you had to move six times in just two years. You could write that although it was difficult adjusting to a new school each time you moved, you eventually started to enjoy meeting people and getting to explore new places. As a result of these experiences, you now have a lot more confidence when it comes to adapting to unfamiliar situations. Prompt 2: Travel, Living, or Work Experiences Travel, living, or working experiences in your own or other communities This prompt is asking you to discuss experiences you've had that involved traveling, living, and/or working in a specific community (either your own or another) and what kind of effect that experience has had on you. Here are examples of experiences you could talk about for this essay: Living or traveling abroad Moving to a new place or living in multiple places Working a part-time job Working a temporary job or internship somewhere outside your own community Should You Choose This Prompt? If you’ve had an experience that fits or mostly fits one of the examples above and it’s had a large impact on how you see and define yourself as a person, this is a solid prompt for you. On the other hand, do not choose this prompt if you’ve never had a significant experience while traveling or working/living somewhere. Tips for Answering This Prompt Choose a truly significant experience to talk about. Although your experience doesn’t need to be life-changing, it should have had a noteworthy impact on you and who you’ve become. If, for example, you traveled to Mexico with your family but didn’t really enjoy or learn much from the trip, it’s better to avoid writing about this experience (and might be better to choose a different prompt altogether!). Make sure to talk about how this travel/living/work experience has affected you. For example, say you spent a couple of summers in high school visiting relatives in South Africa. You could write about how these trips helped you develop a stronger sense of independence and self-sufficiency- traits which have made you more assertive, especially when it comes to leading group projects and giving speeches. Don’t be afraid to get creative with this essay. For instance, if you lived in a country where you at first didn’t understand the local language, you could open your Harvard essay with an anecdote, such as a conversation you overheard or a funny miscommunication. "Dear future roommate: will you please play in the fall leaves with me?" (MjZ Photography/Flickr) Prompt 3: Your Future College Roommate What you would want your future college roommate to know about you Unlike some of the other more traditional Harvard essay prompts on this list, this prompt is a little more casual and really lends itself to a creative approach. For this prompt, you’re writing an essay that’s more of a letter to your future college roommate (remember, however, that it’s actually being read by the Harvard admissions committee!). You'll introduce who you are by going over the key traits and characteristics that make you you- in other words,personality traits, eccentricities, flaws, or strengths that you believe are critical for someone (i.e., Harvard) to know about you. Should You Choose This Prompt? This Harvard essay prompt is all about creativity and describing yourself- not a specific event or circumstance- so it’s well suited for those who are skilled at clearly and creatively expressing themselves through writing. Tips for Answering This Prompt Focus on your unique attributes.Since you’re describing yourself in this essay, you’ll need to concentrate on introducing the most unique and interesting aspects about yourself (that you also think a roommate would want or need to know). What's your daily routine? Do you have any funny or strange habits or quirks? How did you develop these characteristics? Be true to your voice and don’t pretend to be someone you’re not. Don’t say that you’re always telling jokes if you’re normally a very serious person. Describe yourself honestly, but don’t feel as though you must tell every little detail about yourself, either. Strike a balance: don’t focus only on the positives or negatives. You want to come across as a strong applicant, but you also want to be realistic and authentic (you're human, after all!). Therefore, try to find balance by writing about not only your strengths and positive attributes but also your quirks and flaws. For instance, you could mention how you always used to run late when meeting up with friends, but how you’ve recently started working on getting better at this by setting an alarm on your iPhone. Prompt 4: An Intellectual Experience An intellectual experience (course, project, book, discussion, paper, poetry, or research topic in engineering, mathematics, science or other modes of inquiry) that has meant the most to you. With this prompt, Harvard wants you to focus on an intellectual or learning experience that's had a big impact on you in terms of your personal growth, your academic/intellectual interests and passions, the field of study you want to pursue, etc. This intellectual experience could be anything that's intellectually stimulating, such as an essay or book you read, a poem you analyzed, or a research project you conducted. Note that this experience does not need to be limited to something you did for school- if you’ve done anything in your spare time or for an extracurricular activity that you think fits this prompt, feel free to write about that. Should You Choose This Topic? This is a good prompt to choose if a certain intellectual experience motivated you or triggered an interest in something you really want to study at Harvard. For example, you could write about how you found an old copy of Charles Darwin’s On the Origin of Species at a garage sale, and how reading this prompted you to develop an interest in biology, which you now intend to major in and eventually make a career out of. This is also an ideal prompt to pick if you want to highlight a particular interest or passion you have that differs from the academic field you want to study in college. For instance, perhaps you’re applying for admission as a computer science major, but you’re also a huge fan of poetry and often take part in local poetry readings.Writing about a poem you recently read and analyzed could illuminate to the admissions committees a different, less prominent side of your personality and intellectual interests, ultimately showing that you’re open minded and invested in gaining both new skills and experiences. Tips for Answering This Prompt Choose an experience that had a significant impact on you. Don’t talk about how reading Romeo and Juliet in eighth grade made you realize how much you enjoyed writing plays if you were already writing plays way before then! If you can’t think of any memorable intellectual experience to write about, then it's best to opt for a different prompt. Be specific about the intellectual experience you had and clearly relate it back to your strengths and interests. In other words, what kind of impact did this experience have on you? Your academic goals? Your future plans? For example, instead of writing about how a scientific paper on climate change made you think more deeply about the environment, you could talk about how this paper prompted you to form a recycling program at your school, take a class on marine biology, and so forth. Prompt 5: Your Future Goals How you hope to use your college education This Harvard essay prompt is pretty self-explanatory: it wants you to discuss how you intend to use your education at Harvard after you graduate- so in a future job or career, in grad school, in a particular research field, etc. Basically, how will your college education help you achieve your future goals (whatever those may be)? Should You Choose This Prompt? If you have a pretty clear vision for your future goals during and after college, this is a perfect prompt to choose for your Harvard essay. If, on the other hand, you’re still undecided about the field(s) you want to study or how you intend to use your major, you might want to choose a different prompt that's less focused on your future and more concentrated on how past events and experiences have shaped you as a person. Tips for Answering This Prompt Be careful when talking about your future goals. You don’t want to come off too idealistic, but you also don’t want to sound too broad or you’ll come across unfocused and ambivalent. Try to strike a balance in how you discuss your future dreams so that they’re both attainable and specific. Clearly connect your goals back to your current self and what you’ve accomplished up until this point. You want to make it clear that your goals are actually attainable, specifically with a Harvard education. If you say you hope to start your own interior design business after graduation but are planning to major in biology, you’re only going to confuse the admissions committee! Emphasize any ways Harvard specifically will help you attain your academic goals. For example, is there a club you hope to join that could connect you with other students? Or is there a particular professor you want to work with? Don’t just throw in names of clubs and people but specifically explainhow these resources will help you reach your goals. In short, show Harvard that what they can offer you is exactly what you need to succeed. Books: the least stable form of reading chair. Prompt 6: List of Books A list of books you have read during the past twelve months Of all Harvard essay prompts, this one is by far the most unique. Here, you're asked to simply list the books you’ve read in the past year. This essay is more than just a list, though- it’s a brief overview of where your intellectual interests lie. These books may include works of fiction or nonfiction, essays, collections of poetry, etc. Should You Choose This Prompt? Have you read a lot of diverse and interesting books in the past year? Are you an avid reader who loves dissecting books and essays? Do you enjoy a creative approach to college essays?If you answered yes to these questions, then this prompt is a perfect fit for you. Even if you haven’t read a ton of books this past year, if you were especially intrigued by some or all of what you did read, you could certainly use this prompt for your essay. Tips for Answering This Prompt Instead of just listing the titles of books you’ve read, you might want to includea short sentence or two commenting on your reaction to the book, your analysis of it, why you enjoyed or didn’t enjoy it, etc., after each title. Be sure to vary up your comments so that you’re highlighting different aspects of your personality. Also, don’t just regurgitate analyses you’ve read online or that your teacher has said- try to come up with your own thoughts and interpretations. Don’t feel the need to stick to only the most "impressive" books you read. The Harvard admissions committee wants to see your personality, not that of a pretentious applicant who claims to have only read Jane Austen and Ernest Hemingway. Be honest: if you read Twilight in a day, why not make a short joke about how addictive it was? Go beyond a chronological list of books. It’ll be far more interesting if you list the books you read in a more unique way. For example, you could organize titles by theme or in the order of how much you enjoyed them. Not everything is black and white. This sign, for example, is black and yellow. Prompt 7: Honesty The Harvard College Honor code declares that we "hold honesty as the foundation of our community." As you consider entering this community that is committed to honesty, please reflect on a time when you or someone you observed had to make a choice about whether to act with integrity and honesty. As you can see with this quotation, Harvard strongly values honesty and integrity. Therefore, if you go with this prompt, you’re essentially telling Harvard that you, too, embody a powerful sense of morality and honesty. Should You Choose This Prompt? Here are some questions to think about to help you determine whether you should choose this Harvard essay prompt: Was there a specific time in your life when you had to make a difficult choice to be honest about something with someone? Could this incident be considered morally ambiguous? In other words, was the "right thing to do" somewhat of a gray area? If you didn't make the "right" choice at the time, how did you come to terms with or learn from this decision? What were the consequences, and what did this experience teach you about your own morals and how you value honesty? Tips for Answering This Prompt Be wary of the topic you choose to write about.Don’t discuss a situation in which you did something obviously unethical or, worse, illegal. These types of situations are very black and white and therefore don’t pose much of a moral dilemma. Additionally, talking about such an experience might make you seem dishonest and immoral, which you absolutely do not want Harvard to think about you! Try to find a topic that isn’t black and white. Choosing "gray" incidents will help emphasize why the choice was so difficult for you and also why it's affected you in this way. For example, say your friend calls you crying right before you have to leave to take the SAT. Do you skip the test to comfort your friend, or do you hang up and leave? This kind of situation does not have an evident "right" answer, making it an ideal one to use for this essay. You could also discuss a time when you didnotmake the "right" choice- and what you learned from that mistake.As long as you look closely at why you made the "wrong" choice and what this incident taught you about integrity, your essay will be interesting and relevant. Knight: "Your Majesty, we've lost the king!" Queen: "Pfft, so what? I can lead just fine without him!" Prompt 8: Citizens and Citizen-Leaders The mission of Harvard College is to educate our students to be citizens and citizen-leaders for society. What would you do to contribute to the lives of your classmates in advancing this mission? This prompt might sound a little vague, but all it wants to know is how you'll have a positive impact on both your classmates and on other people after graduation. Put simply, what kind of leader/citizen will you be at Harvard? After you graduate from college and enter the real world? This prompt is similar to Prompt 5 in that it wants to know what kind of person you'll become after you leave college and how you'll positively influence society. Should You Choose This Prompt? If you’re a natural-born leader and have had at least a few significant experiences with leading or facilitating things such as club activities, field trips, volunteer efforts, and so on, then this Harvard essay prompt would be a great fit for you. Tips for Answering This Prompt Focus on a time when you led others and it resulted in a positive outcome. For instance, you could write about your position as team captain on your school’s soccer team and how you would gather your teammates before each game to offer words of encouragement and advice on how to improve. You could then describe how your team began to perform better in games due to clearer communication and a stronger sense of sportsmanship. Make sure to answer the critical question: how did you lead and what ultimately made your leadership style successful? Discuss what kind of role your leadership skills will have at both Harvard and after you graduate. The prompt is asking about your classmates, so you must specifically address how your leadership skills will contribute to the lives of your peers. How will your past experiences with leading help you approach group projects, for example? Or clubs you join? Make sure to mention how you'll be a good citizen, too.By "citizen," Harvard essentially means a productive member of both the school and society in general. Basically, how have you contributed to the betterment of society? This is a good place to talk about experiences in which you played a crucial supporting role; for instance, maybe you helped out with a local volunteer initiative to feed the homeless, or maybe you joined a community project to build a new park in your town. Sometimes you need a little time away from school to find your way. Prompt 9: Taking Time Off Each year a substantial number of students admitted to Harvard defer their admission for one year or take time off during college. If you decided in the future to choose either option, what would you like to do? Here, you’re being asked what you plan to do with your time if you decide to defer your admission to Harvard or take time off during college. For example, will you travel the world? Work a full-time job? Do an internship? Take care of a sick relative? Obviously, Harvard doesn’t want to read that all you’re going to do is relax and play video games all day, so make sure tothink carefully about what your actual plans are and, more importantly, how these plans will benefit you as a person and as a student. Should You Choose This Prompt? Only choose this Harvard essay prompt if you’re pretty certain you’ll be taking time off from college at some point (either before or during) and youhave a relatively concrete idea of what you want to do during that time. Tips for Answering This Prompt Be specific and honest about your plans. While many students like to take time off to travel the world, you don't just want to write, "I plan to backpack Europe and learn about cultures." Think critically about your desires: why do you want to do this and how will this experience help you grow as a person? Don’t just reiterate what you think Harvard wants to hear- be transparent about why you feel you need this time off from school to accomplish this goal. Be clear about why you must do this at this particular time.In other words, why do you think this (i.e., before or during college) is the right time to do whatever it is you plan to do? Is it something you can (or must) do at this exact time, such as a one-time internship that won’t be offered again? Use your essay to stand apart from other Harvard applicants. Or you could just grab a magical yellow umbrella and float away. Your call. Prompt 10: Diversity Harvard has long recognized the importance of student body diversity of all kinds. We welcome you to write about distinctive aspects of your background, personal development or the intellectual interests you might bring to your Harvard classmates. This final Harvard essay prompt is all about what you can bring to campus that will positively contribute to student diversity.Though we tend to think of race/ethnicity when using the word "diversity," you can actually interpret this word in a number of ways. As a large and prestigious institution, Harvard strongly values students who have different and unique backgrounds and experiences, so it’s important for them to admit students who embody these values as well. This prompt is essentially a version of the diversity essay, which we talk about in more detail in our guide. Should You Choose This Prompt? The main question to ask yourself before choosing this prompt is this: do you have a unique background or interest you can write about? Here are some key types of diversity you can discuss (note that this is not an exhaustive list!): Your ethnicity or race A unique interest, passion, hobby, or skill you have Your family or socioeconomic background Your religion Your cultural group Your sex or gender/gender identity Your opinions or values Your sexual orientation If any of these topics stand out to you and you can easily come up with a specific characteristic or experience to discuss for your essay, then this a solid prompt to consider answering. Tips for Answering This Prompt Choose a personal characteristic that’s had a large impact on your identity. Don’t talk about your family’s religion if it's had little or no impact on how you see and define yourself. Instead, concentrate on the most significant experiences or skills in your life. If you play the theremin every day and have a passion for music because of it, this would be a great skill to write about in your essay. Be clear about how your unique characteristic has affected your life and growth. You don’t just want to introduce the experience/skill and leave it at that. How has it molded you into the person you are today? How has it influenced your ambitions and goals? Be sure to tie this characteristic back to the diversity at Harvard.Basically, how will your experience/skill/trait positively influence the Harvard student body? For example, if you come from a specific cultural group, how do you believe this will positively impact other students? Want to get into Harvard or your personal top choice college? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. A Real Harvard Essay Example Our resident full SAT/ACT scorer and co-founder of PrepScholar, Allen Cheng, applied to, got into, and attended Harvard- and he’s posted his own Harvard supplement essay for you to look at. You can read all about Allen’s essay in his analysis of his successful Harvard application. Allen describes his essay as "probably neutral to [his Harvard] application, not a strong net positive or net negative," so it’s important to note that this Harvard essay example is not representative of exactly what you should do in your own Harvard supplement essay.Rather, we’re showing it to you to give you a taste of how you could approach the Harvard essay and to demonstrate the kinds of simple mistakes you should avoid. Writing a Memorable Harvard Essay: 3 Tips To wrap up, here are three tips to keep in mind as you write your Harvard supplement essay. #1: Use an Authentic Voice Having a clear, unique, and authentic voice is the key to making yourself stand apart from other applicants in your Harvard application- and to ensuring you’re leaving a long-lasting impression on the admissions committee. Therefore, write your essay in the way that comes most naturally to you, and talk about the things that actually matter to you.For example, if you love puns, throwing one or two puns into your essay will emphasize your goofier, non-academic side. Using your voice here is important because it humanizesyour application.The essay is the only chance you get to show the admissions committee who you are and what you actually sound like, so don’t pretend to be someone you’re not! The only thing to look out for is using too much slang or sounding too casual.In the end, this is still a college essay, so you don’t want to come off sounding rude, disrespectful, or immature. In addition, don’t exaggerate any experiences or emotions.The Harvard admissions committee is pretty good at their job- they read thousands of applications each year!- so they’ll definitely be able to tell if you’re making a bigger deal out of something than you should be.Skip the hyperbole and stick to what you know. Ultimately, your goal should be to strike a balance so that you’re being true to yourself while also showcasing your intelligence and talents. #2: Get Creative Harvard is one of the most difficult schools to get into (it only has a 5% acceptance rate!), so you'll need to make sure your essay is really, really attention-grabbing. In short, get creative with it! As you write your personal essay, recall the classic saying: show, don’t tell. This means that you should rely more on description and imagery than on explanation. For example, instead of writing, "I became more confident after participating in the debate club," you might write, "The next time I went onstage for a debate, my shoulders didn’t shake as much; my lips didn’t quiver; and my heart only beat 100 times instead of 120 times per minute." Remember that your essay is a story about yourself, so make sure it’s interesting to read and will ultimately be memorable to your readers. #3: Edit and Proofread a Lot My final tip is to polish your essay by editing and proofreading it a lot. This means you should look it over not once, not twice, but several times. Here’s the trick to editing it: once you’ve got a rough draft of your essay finished, put it away for a few days or a week or two. Don’t look at it all during this time- you want to give yourself some distance so that you can look at your essay later with a fresh perspective. After you've waited, read over your essay again, noting any mistakes in spelling, grammar, and/or punctuation. Take care to also note any awkward wording, unclear areas, or irrelevant ideas. Ask yourself: is there anything you should add? Delete? Expand? Once you’ve done this step several times and have a (nearly) final draft ready to turn in, give your essay to someone you can trust, such as a teacher, parent, or mentor. Have them look it over and offer feedback on tone, voice, theme, style, etc. In addition, make sure that they check for any glaring grammatical or technical errors. Once all of this is done, you'll have a well-written, polished Harvard essay ready to go- onethat’ll hopefully get you accepted! What’s Next? If you've got questions about other parts of the Harvard application, check out our top guide to learn what you'll need to submit to get into the prestigious Ivy League school. How tough is it to get into Harvard? To other selective universities?For answers, read our expert guide on how to get into Harvard and the Ivy League, written by an actual Harvard alum! What's the average SAT score of admitted Harvard applicants? The average ACT score? The average GPA? Learn all this and more by visiting our Harvard admissions requirements page. Want to write the perfect college application essay? Get professional help from PrepScholar. Your dedicated PrepScholar Admissions counselor will craft your perfect college essay, from the ground up. We'll learn your background and interests, brainstorm essay topics, and walk you through the essay drafting process, step-by-step. At the end, you'll have a unique essay that you'll proudly submit to your top choice colleges. Don't leave your college application to chance. Find out more about PrepScholar Admissions now:

No topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 7

No topic - Essay Example This significantly affected the course of history of China as will be highlighted hereunder. The Qing Dynasty was the last powerful empire to rule China. As earlier stated, although it began very well in its bid to transform China into a powerful state, the dynasty encountered various internal and external challenges that impacted negatively on the course of China. Firstly, the dynasty was faced with internal wrangles that created political instability. This made it difficult for China to create a stable government to fulfill Chinas development agendas. Some of the notable internal wrangles that changed the course of Chinese history include the Nian rebellion of 1853-1868; the Mao rebellion of 1850-1872; the Red Turban rebellion of 1854-1857; and the Yunnan rebellion of 1855-1863. Secondly, the Qing Dynasty was characterized by high level of corruption thereby curtailing the developments that had begun to be realized in China. The dynasty also faced the problem of lack of an able Manchu leadership. Lack of strong leadership made it extremely difficult for the dynasty to pro mote the development of China. Apart from the internal issues, the course of Chinese history was also greatly affected by external factors. Firstly, the defeat of Qing government in the 19th century by foreign powers resulted in the imposition of unequal treaties on China, which greatly impacted negatively on China. For instance, the imposition of the unequal treaties, politically infringed on the national rights of China, thereby resulting in a downfall. Secondly, the imperialism of the foreign economies worsened the social suffering in China. For instance, the increased importation of cheap textile goods from foreign countries by the Qing government resulted in the collapse of most Chinese industries. The Qing dynasty also destroyed the economy of China by promoting unfavorable balance of trade, thereby resulting in the decline of the

Corporate Social Responsibility and Climatic Change Essay

Corporate Social Responsibility and Climatic Change - Essay Example The effects of climate change are disrupting business operations and transportation, for example, in the UK; high-sided vehicles are increasingly at risk of accidents from floods and gale force winds. Such disruptions have the effect of reducing customer demand and purchasing power (Dudek and Wiener 1996, Romm 1999), as products and services become less available due to erratic supply. These disruptions also restrict the ability of the business to grow, as the sales revenues will be insufficient to generate profit for investment purposes. Climate change therefore poses a risk to businesses, and the onus is on re-evaluating corporate social responsibility in a bid to gain efficiencies, and to reduce the businesses contribution to the climate change problem. Climate change is commonly associated with industrial factories churning out smoke from cooling towers, however, non-industrial organisations contribute to climate change through their carbon and greenhouse emissions generated by their operations and product/service lifecycle (Grubb 1989, Cantwell 1995, ICTSD 2005). Whilst this represents an element of change and uncertainty, climate change-focused corporate actions can have benefits for the organisation in the way of new products and new markets (Mendelsohn 2000, Richards 2001, Lawrence 2002, Jochem and Madlener 2003). Climate change strategies are also perceived as risky due to the large scale, renewable energy investments that are associated with reducing the carbon footprint (McCarthy et al 2001, Egenhofer et al 2004). For instance, if fossil fuels ran out, Shell, BP and other large fuel providers would have to invest large amounts in alternatives, which BP has started doing with its Autogas even though it is not widely availabl e. The transport industry also contributes to climate change and global warming through vehicle emissions and businesses in this sector are beginning to take notice, and accepting responsibility for the part they play. For instance, in September 2006, Sir Richard Branson, founder of the Virgin Group donated three billion dollars over ten years from his organisation to fund the development of low carbon energy sources such as wind turbines, cleaner aviation fuel and ethanol (BSR 2006). This demonstrates the levels of commitment expected from businesses, and Virgin have acknowledged their role especially as they run train services and flights that contribute to global warming. Corporate social responsibility in United States is now recognised as the fifth largest venture capital investment category after biotechnology, software, medical and telecommunications (CSM 2001, Raynard and Forstater 2002). The market for clean technology is set to expand and is already worth an estimated $40 billion (Raynard and Forstater 2002). This is not surprising considering that the United States is responsible for a significant proportion of global emissions. This is also representative of the increasing market and customer awareness of their environment, and businesses in this region are already capitalising on this. This also demonstrates that businesses are adopting strategies that are action and adaptation oriented to focus on the energy efficiency aspects and renewable energy sourcing (Burton 1996, Adger 2003, Hertin et al 2003, Berkhout et al

The Causes of Racial Tension :: Racism

Today, there is racial tension all around the world. Racial tension means the feeling that exists when people do not trust and be aggressive to each other. In Malaysia, racial tension has deepened recently. The Indian government has released an advisory for its foreign students that studying in Australia which showed that racial tension appeared around the White and Indian (â€Å"MEA issues travel advisory to Indian students in Aus†, 2010). Racial tension between the Han and Uighur communities in Xinjiang, China was enhanced in July 2009. There are several factors that causes racial tension to happen such as religion topic, government policy, prejudice and discrimination. Next, racial tension is also easily caused by prejudice and discrimination. According to Jon (1997), â€Å"prejudice is a general characteristic of human relationships† (p. 232). Jon (19970 found â€Å"prejudice is usually considered the cause of discrimination†. Prejudice is easily being found in someone to the others; especially they are from different races. They may treat the other races irrespectively and violently. First, people will not take it seriously. However, when the cases happen frequently and massively, people won’t take them as specials cases. The races that besieged will tend to feel anxious and strike back in order to protect themselves. Therefore, it tends to create racial tension. For examples, incidents of violence against Indians in Australia were happened frequently in last few months. Later on, an Indian student was killed. These have damaged the relationship between the Indians and Australians and created racial tension. Besides, African- Americans were still discriminated seriously by the Americans even after American Civil War. They had perspective that the African-Americans were slaves like they used to be. They received unequal treatment until the success of African-American Civil Rights Movement. The racial tension was existed during the period. The government policy causes the racial tension as well. The governments launch policies that encourage the development of countries. But if some policies tend to benefit certain races, whether they are majority or minority, will cause the dissatisfaction of other races. In their perspective, all races should be treated equally regardless the number of members. Therefore, they may protest to show their dissatisfaction. If their protest were overwhelmed and the government led by the majority, the racial tension is ensured happen. Racial tension between the Han and Uighur communities in Xinjiang, China is an example. Uighur was the minority in China but the large community in Xinjiang.

Neural and Hormonal Mechanisms in Aggression

Neural and Hormonal Mechanisms in Aggression Aggression in humans has been associated with low levels of serotonin and high levels of dopamine. Usually, serotonin has a calming effect, which inhibits aggression. When serotonin levels are low, this inhibitory effect is removed and people are less able to control their aggressive behaviour. Evidence for the importance of serotonin comes from two main sources.Brown (1982) found that there were low levels of the waste products of serotonin in the cerebrospinal fluid of individuals who are prone to impulsive and aggressive behaviour. The second source of evidence is studies where participants were given the drug dexfenfluramine, which reduces levels of serotonin in the brain. Mann (1990) administered dexfenfluramine to male and female participants, and found that males displayed more aggressive response on a questionnaire.A Meta analysis of 29 studies of serotonin and aggression showed that these studies consistently found evidence of low serotonin levels in antisocial children and adults. The levels of serotonin were particularly low in individuals who had attempted suicide, suggesting that low levels of serotonin lead to impulsive behaviour, one consequence of which is aggressive behaviour and, in some individuals, suicide. One of the consequences of low levels of serotonin is that the brain creates more receptors in an attempt to capture any serotonin that is available.This has been shown to be the case in research by Arora and Meltzer (2003), who found elevated levels of serotonin receptors in people who had committed violent suicide, thus supporting the claim that normal levels of serotonin have an inhibitory influence on violent behaviour. Ferrari (2003) showed support for serotonin in aggressive behaviour in an animal study for rats. They allowed rats to fight at the same time every day for 10 days, and not on the 11th day. They found that rats learned from their experience and had raised levels of serotonin in anticipation of having to fight.Serotonin explanation of aggression have been criticised as being reductionist. The link between serotonin and aggression is fairly well established in non-human animals, but the position is less clear in humans, particularly as aggressive behaviour in human is far more complex behaviour, and is subject to social learning, genetics and other factors. Testosterone has been associated with aggressive behaviour, although most studies have been corelational only. A Meta analysis carried out by Archer (1991) found a low positive correlation between testosterone levels and aggression.A study by Kouri (1995), gave participant either testosterone or a placebo. They were told that, by pressing a button they could reduce the amount of cash that another participant was receiving. Those who had received the testosterone pressed the button more than those with the placebo. An advantage of this study is that it made use of the experimental method, so allowing th e researchers to demonstrate a cause-and-effect relationship as researchers manipulated the presence of testosterone to see it effect on aggressive behaviour.An explanation of why testosterone and aggression are linked is the challenge hypothesis. This proposes that testosterone levels only rise above the base level in response to social challenges, such as threats to reproductive success. However, Mazur (1985) criticizes this explanation, claiming that individuals only act to assert dominance, which can be expressed in many different ways, of which aggression is one. There is also a gender bias in research on testosterone and aggression, as research typically tends to concentrate only on the role of testosterone on males.However, Archer (2005) found that the association between testosterone and aggression was even stronger for females. An additional problem is that research evidence is far from conclusive, with some studies showing no significant difference between violent and non- violent criminals (Bain et al. 1987), although another study found that most violent criminals had higher testosterone levels than less violent criminals (Kreuz and Rose 1972). This suggests that among individuals who are already predisposed towards violence, testosterone may be an additional influence that makes aggressive behaviour more likely.

Chichén Itzás Mix of Toltec and Puuc Architecture